Government Intervention Of The Internet Essays -

Government Intervention of the Internet Computer Science Government Intervention of the Internet During the past decade, our society has become based solely on the ability to move large amounts of information across large distances quickly. Computerization has influenced everyone's life. The natural evolution of computers and this need for ultra-fast communications has caused a global network of interconnected computers to develop. This global net allows a person to send E-mail across the world in mere fractions of a second, and enables even the common person to access information world-wide. With advances such as software that allows users with a sound card to use the Internet as a carrier for long distance voice calls and video conferencing, this network is key to the future of the knowledge society. At present, this net is the epitome of the first amendment: free speech. It is a place where people can speak their mind without being reprimanded for what they say, or how they choose to say it. The key to the world-wide success of the Internet is its protection of free speech, not only in America, but in other countries where free speech is not protected by a constitution. To be found on the Internet is a huge collection of obscene graphics, Anarchists' cookbooks and countless other things that offend some people. With over 30 million Internet users in the U.S. alone (only 3 million of which surf the net from home), everything is bound to offend someone. The newest wave of laws floating through law making bodies around the world threatens to stifle this area of spontaneity. Recently, Congress has been considering passing laws that will make it a crime punishable by jail to send "vulgar" language over the net, and to export encryption software. No matter how small, any attempt at government intervention in the Internet will stifle the greatest communication innovation of this century. The government wants to maintain control over this new form of communication, and they are trying to use the protection of children as a smoke screen to pass laws that will allow them to regulate and censor the Internet, while banning techniques that could eliminate the need for regulation. Censorship of the Internet threatens to destroy its freelance atmosphere, while wide spread encryption could help prevent the need for government intervention. The current body of laws existing today in America does not apply well to the Internet. Is the Internet like a bookstore, where servers cannot be expected to review every title? Is it like a phone company who must ignore what it carries because of privacy? Is it like a broadcasting medium, where the government monitors what is broadcast? The trouble is that the Internet can be all or none of these things depending on how it's used. The Internet cannot be viewed as one type of transfer medium under current broadcast definitions. The Internet differs from broadcasting media in that one cannot just happen upon a vulgar site without first entering a complicated address, or following a link from another source. "The Internet is much more like going into a book store and choosing to look at adult magazines." (Miller 75). Jim Exon, a democratic senator from Nebraska, wants to pass a decency bill regulating the Internet. If the bill passes, certain commercial servers that post pictures of unclad beings, like those run by Penthouse or Playboy, would of course be shut down immediately or risk prosecution. The same goes for any amateur web site that features nudity, sex talk, or rough language. Posting any dirty words in a Usenet discussion group, which occurs routinely, could make one liable for a $50,000 fine and six months in jail. Even worse, if a magazine that commonly runs some of those nasty words in its pages, The New Yorker for instance, decided to post its contents on-line, its leaders would be held responsible for a $100,000 fine and two years in jail. Why does it suddenly become illegal to post something that has been legal for years in print? Exon's bill apparently would also "criminalize private mail," ... "I can call my brother on the phone and say anything--but if I say it on the Internet, it's illegal" (Levy 53). Congress, in their pursuit of regulations, seems to have overlooked the fact that the majority of the adult material on the Internet comes from overseas.

Free Essays on Wrinkle In Time

A WRINKLE IN TIME By Madeline LÂ ´ Engle In Willstead town, in North Carolina strange things are happening. Do you want to know more? Well in A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle a wonderful writer tells all the weird things that are happening. Madeleine LÂ ´Engle was born in 1918 and she is still alive, she was born in New York (USA) and she is famous for his fantastic novels and fiction books, and her familiar stories for children. After she graduated from the Smith University in 1941 she extended hers studies in the Social Investigations School (1941-1942) and in the University Of Columbia (1960-1961). Madeleine LÂ ´Engle worked during some years in the Theater and later as a teacher. The setting of this story is in North Carolina, in the town of Willstead in the year of 2005. One day Margaret was left by the Aliens when she was two- months old in the planet Earth, and was found by the Murries, a nice couple, that had one year of marriage. Several years had passed and Margaret grew up like a normal girl. Now she had twin brothers and a Collie dog. At school everybody thought that she is a freak, but she is a ten-year-old girl, with beautiful eyes and a lot of intelligence. She is an alien but no one knows not even she. Margaret came to Earth by a computer fraud that caused a wrinkle in time. An old woman called Mrs. Whatsit came to Earth with the job to take Margaret back. She visits Margaret and buys her nice things to win Margaret’s confidence. Mrs. Whatsit lived in the middle of the woods. One day a robbery had been reported to the police. It was a missing blanket and the thief was Mrs. Whatsit because she needed a lot of warmth because planet Earth was too cold for her. The Tesseract that is the name of the species that Margaret and Mrs. Whatsit belong to, they are from from other planet. At school some rare people that were of the same species as Margaret went to do a contest. Margaret won the contest but th... Free Essays on Wrinkle In Time Free Essays on Wrinkle In Time A WRINKLE IN TIME By Madeline LÂ ´ Engle In Willstead town, in North Carolina strange things are happening. Do you want to know more? Well in A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle a wonderful writer tells all the weird things that are happening. Madeleine LÂ ´Engle was born in 1918 and she is still alive, she was born in New York (USA) and she is famous for his fantastic novels and fiction books, and her familiar stories for children. After she graduated from the Smith University in 1941 she extended hers studies in the Social Investigations School (1941-1942) and in the University Of Columbia (1960-1961). Madeleine LÂ ´Engle worked during some years in the Theater and later as a teacher. The setting of this story is in North Carolina, in the town of Willstead in the year of 2005. One day Margaret was left by the Aliens when she was two- months old in the planet Earth, and was found by the Murries, a nice couple, that had one year of marriage. Several years had passed and Margaret grew up like a normal girl. Now she had twin brothers and a Collie dog. At school everybody thought that she is a freak, but she is a ten-year-old girl, with beautiful eyes and a lot of intelligence. She is an alien but no one knows not even she. Margaret came to Earth by a computer fraud that caused a wrinkle in time. An old woman called Mrs. Whatsit came to Earth with the job to take Margaret back. She visits Margaret and buys her nice things to win Margaret’s confidence. Mrs. Whatsit lived in the middle of the woods. One day a robbery had been reported to the police. It was a missing blanket and the thief was Mrs. Whatsit because she needed a lot of warmth because planet Earth was too cold for her. The Tesseract that is the name of the species that Margaret and Mrs. Whatsit belong to, they are from from other planet. At school some rare people that were of the same species as Margaret went to do a contest. Margaret won the contest but th...

ADA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ADA - Essay Example The sisters suffered from severe myopia. Both sisters had less than 20/200 and 20/400 uncorrected visual acuity in the right and left eye respectively. However, they used corrective lenses to increase the level of visual acuity. The corrective lenses improved their sight to a level of 20/20 visual acuity. The sisters responded to an advertisement requiring interested individuals to apply as commercial airline pilots. The sisters satisfied all qualifications, but the minimum visual requirement; 20/100 uncorrected visual acuity. The interviewing panel terminated both applications. The sisters filed a petition against the company for alleged disability discrimination after receiving the right to sue letter from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Justice O’Connor concluded that the two sisters did not fall under the definition of â€Å"disability† as stipulated in ADA. Their vision was correctable by using lenses, hence, were not limited to perform a major life activity. ADA applies in this case in relation to the definition of â€Å"disability.† According to ADA, disability is the physical or mental limitation to perform a major life activity. The definition fails to include individuals with correctable disability. Such is evident in the case because the twin sisters did not have a significant limiting impairment. The case commences a major debate for ADA to be clear about disabled individuals who can correct their disabilities. The case begs to leave the question as to whether disabled individuals who can correct their disabilities are protected against employer discrimination by ADA. In actual practice, ADA is limited in relation to its definition of â€Å"disability.† Though the Act protects workers with disabilities against employer discrimination, it fails to include the masses with correctable disabilities. These are individuals who can

Newdow case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Newdow case - Essay Example Since conservatives are likely to support the religious aspect then they are more likely to oppose changes on the pledge. The conservatives would prefer the oath to have some religious significance other than being a meaningless political or social statement. Most religious people, who are often considered to be conservative, were opposed to Newdow opinion since they felt that it was morally repugnant. A true conservative would be opposed to any move to fully separate the state and religion as the Newdow case required. For a conservative, inclusion of religious value in school aspects helps in shaping them morally. For them the phrase in the pledge is a mere acknowledgement of a religious nation and does not affect anyone’s beliefs. Furthermore, conservative would argue that no one is usually forced to recite the contentious phrases. Additionally, conservatives fell that it is part of their responsibility to share their belief with others. Conservatism is all about practicing morality in addition to maintaining the existing norms. It entails supporting that which affects the majority and in the case of Newdow, the majority was those opposed to removal of the phrase. Conservatives would thus oppose any moves to remove the contentious phrase (Williams

Khatami Presidency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Khatami Presidency - Essay Example Practical wisdom can be observed in every activities of Mohammad Khatami as Iranian President. He was responsible for laying foundations for economic reforms and liberalizations in Iran. While Ahmadinejad tried to make Iran as a military power, Khatami was keen in the economic development of Iran. He has contested two elections and won both. In fact, he has secured more than 70% of the total votes poled in his first election. During his president ship, Khatami tried to respect all types of human rights such as freedom of expression and tolerance to other religions. Moreover, he worked hard to strengthen Iran’s diplomatic relations with other states including United States, Asia and European Union. He did everything possible to enhance the free market concept and also for the enhancement of foreign direct investments in Iran. In short, Khatami’s president ship helped Iran immensely in political, economic and cultural circles. This paper critically analyses Khatamiâ€℠¢s political life in general and his economic reformation policies in particular. How Khatami came to power? Iran was a constitutional monarchy (Afkhami 171), until the 1979 revolution. Until 1979, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was in power. Even though Shah allowed parliamentary democracy in Iran, he was not ready to leave the legal and executive powers. Even though Shah initially enjoyed a ceremonial position, he had slowly increased his executive power and started to implement autocracy in Iran. But, Iranian people under the Supreme Leadership of Ruhollah Khomeini captured power in 1979. Since then, parliamentary democracy was implemented in Iran. Even though democracy was established in Iran in 1979, religious leaders started to control Iranian politics since 1979. They were keen in promoting their factional interests than trying to make room for all groups and perspectives (Mirsepassi 99). As a result of that Iranian people started to lose faith in the abilities of religious leade rs. They were keen in avoiding religious fundamentalism from politics. In Mohammad Khatami, Iranian people started to see a leader they were looking for. Until the 1997 parliament elections, Khatami assumed many critical ministerial posts in Iran. While working as a minister of Iran, Khatami revealed his liberal attitudes many times. It should be noted that Khatami has resigned in 1997 from the post of Minister of Islamic guidance in support for freedom of press and freedom of art and culture (Mirsepassi 120). Even though majority of the Iranian politicians worked for the betterment of the community which they belong, Khatami was different. He worked hard to protect the interests of all Iranians rather than the community he represents. Khatami’s base of support cut across regional and class lines with its core consisting of the modern middle class, college students, women and urban workers. His campaign was based in theory on the rule of law, democracy and the inclusion of al l Iranian in the political decision making process (Mirsepassi 113). In Mohammad Khatami, Iranian people found a true democratic leader. Khatami began as a Khomeinist (Keddie 267). However, later he shaped his own visions about the future of Iran. He advocated greater freedom to women, Sunnis and other minorities and emphasized the importance of civil society during his tenure as the president of Iran. His call for greater freedom, civil rights, rule of law and

The Life And Work Of Confucius

The Life And Work Of Confucius Confucius (551 479 BCE), was a thinker, political figure, educator and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucius was born at Shang-ping, in the country of Lu. His given name was Kong, but his disciples called him Kong-fu-tse, (i.e. Kong the Master, or Teacher.) His father passed away when he was only three years old. Confucius mother Yan-she raised him. During his younger years Confucius showed a love of learning, and an expression of awe for the ancient laws of his country. Confucius was only nineteen years old when he married, but he divorced his wife after only four years of marriage so that he could have more time for his study and the performance of his public duties. His mother passed away when he was twenty-three, which was the reasoning behind the first solemn and important act of Confucius as a moral reformer. The solemnity and splendor of the burial ceremony that Confucius honored her remains struck his fellow citizens with astonishment. Confucius shut himself up in his home for three years of mourning for his mother, using the whole time dedicated to philosophical study. He reflected deeply on the eternal laws of morality, tracing them to their source, saturated his mind with a sense of the duties they impose instinctively on all men, and determined to make them the unalterable rule of all his actions. From that day forward his career was only an illustration of his ethical system. He began to instruct his countrymen in the principle of morali ty, exhibiting in his own person all the virtues he instilled in others. His disciples gradually increased, as the practical character of his philosophy became more apparent. Generally, Confucius disciples were not young and enthusiastic. He preferred middle age men who were sober, grave, respectable, and occupied public situations. This fact cast light on both the character and design of his philosophy. It was moral, not religious, and aimed exclusively at fitting men for conducting themselves honorably and carefully in this life. Confucius travelled through many states, some of them he was welcomed, while in others he wasnt appreciated. His later trips were very unfavorable, with state after state refusing to be improved. There were some instances where Confucius was persecuted. He was once imprisoned and nearly starved. He finally realized there was no hope of securing the favorable attention he desired from his countrymen while alive, he returned to his native state, spending his last years in the mixture of literary works, by which all of his descendants at least might be instructed. Confucius died 479 B.C., in his seventies. Immediately after his death, Confucius began to be regarded with respect and his family was characterized by excellence with various honors and privileges. Many people honored all of Confucius work by building temples in every city in China to honor Confucius. Since Confucius teachings and philosophy was so advanced, it was the education for China for 2,000 years. It is called Confuci anism which is the complex system of moral, social, political, and religious teaching built up by Confucius and the ancient Chinese traditions. Confucianism goal is making not only the man virtuous, but also making him the man of learning and of good manners. The perfect man must combine the qualities of a saint, scholar, and gentleman. Confucianism is a religion whose worship is centered in offerings to the dead. The notion of duty is extended beyond the boundaries of morals and embraces the details of daily life. The best source for understanding Confucius and his thought is the Analects. But the Analects are considered problematic and controversial work, having been compiled in variant versions long after Confuciuss death by disciples or the disciples of disciples. Some have argued that, because of the texts inconsistencies and incompatibilities of thought, there is much in the Analects that is non-Confucian and should be discarded as a basis for understanding the thought of Confucius. Benjamin Schwartz cautions us against such radical measures. While textual criticism based on rigorous philological and historic analysis is crucial, and while the later sections [of the Analects] do contain late materials, the type of textual criticism that is based on considerations of alleged logical inconsistencies and incompatibilities of thought must be viewed with great suspicion. . . . While none of us comes to such an enterprise without deep-laid assumptions about necessary logical relations and compatibilities, we should at least hold before ourselves the constant injunction to mistrust all our unexamined preconceptions on these matters when dealing with comparative thought. (The World of Thought in Ancient China, p. 61) Confucius philosophy was predominately a moral and political one. It was founded on the belief that heaven and earth coexist in harmony and balanced strength while maintaining a perpetual dynamism. Human beings, he taught, are sustained by these conditions and must strive to emulate the cosmic model. The Doctrine of the Mean is the elaboration of the way of harmony; it furnishes the details of the kind of life that, in its recognition of due degree, will be in accordance with the principle of equilibrium, the root of all things. These ideas of harmony, justice and balance in both the cosmos and the individual provided a focus for political theory and practice. (Collinson. Plant, Wilkinson, Fifty Eastern Thinkers) Links / Confucius Philosophy, Confucianism Religion http://www.friesian.com/confuci.htm An analysis of the moral philosophy of Kung-fu-tzu or Kongfuzi (Confucius). http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/~agenhtml/agenmc/china/classlit.html Art of China Homepage. Classic Chinese Literature, The Analects, Confucius Bibliography on Confucian Philosophy Da Xue (The Great Learning) Confucius Tao Te Ching / Lao Tzu The Art of War / Sun Tzu http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/confucius/ The life and work of the Chinese philosopher and educatory; by Jeffrey Riegel. http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CHPHIL/CONF.HTM Discussion of Chinese Philosophy and the life and thought of Confucius along its principle lines http://www.heptune.com/confuciu.html What Confucius Thought by Megaera Lorenz. A brief summary of the basic concepts behind one of the worlds oldest philosophies, Chinese Confucianism.

Robert Bolt :: Essays Papers

Robert Bolt Over his lengthy, distinguished career, British screenwriter and playwright Robert Bolt has been thrice nominated for Academy Awards and has won twice for Doctor Zhivago (1965) and A Man for All Seasons(1966). Born and raised in Manchester, Bolt served in the British Air Force during WWII and afterward attended Manchester University. Following graduation, Bolt became a teacher of English at the prestigious Millfield private school in Somerset. He remained there between 1950-58. In his spare time, Bolt wrote radio and stage plays, but gained little recognition until he penned the script for his play Flowering Cherry (1957). His third play, A Man for All Seasons opened in 1960; the original production made actor Paul Scofield a star and was a hit on the London and Broadway stage. The publicity surrounding the production attracted the attention of movie producer Sam Spiegel who hired Bolt to completely revise recently exiled writer Michael Wilson's script for David Lean's Lawrence of Arabia. (1962). The result was an Academy Award nomination for Bolt's script. Throughout the decade, Bolt would specialize in adapting literature to the screen. He would not have an original script produced until Lean directed Bolt's Ryan's Daughter (1970). Unfortunately, the film bombed at the box-office. After that, Bolt spent a while working on his playwrighting career and found success with Vivat! Vivat Regina! (1970). His next script was for the costume drama Lady Caroline Lamb (1972) starring Bolt's wife Sarah Miles, who had also starred in Ryan's Daughter. In 1976, Lean approached Bolt with a new idea for an epic reworking of the story of the Bounty mutiny. With funding by Dino De Laurentiis and Paramount studio, Bolt set to work on the script. Over the next two years, Bolt concentrated most of his energy on the script, creating two versions. Robert Bolt :: Essays Papers Robert Bolt Over his lengthy, distinguished career, British screenwriter and playwright Robert Bolt has been thrice nominated for Academy Awards and has won twice for Doctor Zhivago (1965) and A Man for All Seasons(1966). Born and raised in Manchester, Bolt served in the British Air Force during WWII and afterward attended Manchester University. Following graduation, Bolt became a teacher of English at the prestigious Millfield private school in Somerset. He remained there between 1950-58. In his spare time, Bolt wrote radio and stage plays, but gained little recognition until he penned the script for his play Flowering Cherry (1957). His third play, A Man for All Seasons opened in 1960; the original production made actor Paul Scofield a star and was a hit on the London and Broadway stage. The publicity surrounding the production attracted the attention of movie producer Sam Spiegel who hired Bolt to completely revise recently exiled writer Michael Wilson's script for David Lean's Lawrence of Arabia. (1962). The result was an Academy Award nomination for Bolt's script. Throughout the decade, Bolt would specialize in adapting literature to the screen. He would not have an original script produced until Lean directed Bolt's Ryan's Daughter (1970). Unfortunately, the film bombed at the box-office. After that, Bolt spent a while working on his playwrighting career and found success with Vivat! Vivat Regina! (1970). His next script was for the costume drama Lady Caroline Lamb (1972) starring Bolt's wife Sarah Miles, who had also starred in Ryan's Daughter. In 1976, Lean approached Bolt with a new idea for an epic reworking of the story of the Bounty mutiny. With funding by Dino De Laurentiis and Paramount studio, Bolt set to work on the script. Over the next two years, Bolt concentrated most of his energy on the script, creating two versions.

Ensuring quality websites Essay

Internet is an ever expanding medium. The number of users of the World Wide Web colloquially called as the internet has grown to over 1. 02 billion and includes 15 percent population of the World. (World Internet Usage, 2006). This is slated to expand even more rapidly hereafter as it is proving to be an ideal medium for all types of social, business, government and informational transactions. Cyber Rater is a web site rating service which will assess web sites based on their quality, reliability and the timeliness with which they provide information to the user. The number of web sites is increasing exponentially. A survey by Netcraft for June 2006 reported an increase of 3. 96 million sites in one month between May to June. (Webserver Survey, 2006). However the plethora of sites on virtually all subjects has created a problem for the user, as he is unable to assess the efficacy and accuracy of the information provided on the site. Cyber rater will attempt to this void, by rating sites and providing these with a verification certificate based on authenticity, quality and speed in providing the information to the user. Cyber Rater will be a web based organization, thereby the initial infra structure cost will be restricted to computers and other information technology assets to facilitate speedy access of the net, register the sites, assess these and provide certification. The business is proposed to be started by December 2006 and a healthy return is expected with break even point reached by December 2007. Mission Statement Our Mission. To facilitate web users in instantly assessing the quality of a web site. Grading web sites on each subject based on quality will be a key facet of the mission. To create excellence on the web by generating a hierarchy of gradation for web sites will be inclusive in the overall mission. To improve the overall content on the web will be the underlying theme of the mission. Needs Proliferation of web sites as well as the large number of users of the web has created a new market for certification of the best sites based on quality and accuracy of content, timeliness in publication and credibility. This will provide a service to both the user as well as the web site provider. While the user will be able to gravitate to the best web site on a subject, the provider will attempt to improve his content based on authenticity of information, the assessed market needs of the users and the latest web and communication technologies available. This will greatly facilitate all users such as researchers and students who will get a certified source, the e purchaser, and an authenticated, best bargain without cheating and the business person timely information of opportunities available for commerce to beat the competition. A certified web site rating system will greatly improve the overall quality of the web as it will assist in establishing uniform standards, motivate investments in using state of the art technologies by web sites, adoption of best practices and sustained support will be available through government policies. Objectives The objectives of Cyber Rater will flow from its mission which is to facilitate web users in assessing the quality of a web site thereby enabling them to home on to the best in each category. The objectives will be broken down into three criteria as given below:- Objectives Related to Users Objective 1. To provide the user information of the quality of the web site he is accessing to do commerce, interact socially or merely to gain information on a subject. Objective 2. To provide knowledge workers assurance of the information that is being accessed by them on the web. This will overcome the present lack of credibility of most web sources for research. Objective 3. To provide the user with authentic and original information, free of copy right, trade mark or patent infringement. This will avoid the embarrassment as well possible legal action at a later stage. Objectives Related To Web Sites Objective 1. To provide a forum for quality web sites to propagate their value on the web. This will also enable them an opportunity to increase their popularity and revenues. Objective 2. To generate impetus for improving the overall quality of web sites and web content by creating a hierarchy of excellence. Objective 3. To disfranchise those web site providers who are not able to provide quality and authenticity to continue on the web. This will come about by their non certification, non access over a period by the user and thus a virtual demise due to infrequent access. Objectives Related to Business Objective 1. To follow the highest standards of ethics and values. This is essential to every rating agency and will enable maintenance of credibility and thus attract maximum business in the long term. Objective 2. To attract the best talent in the profession. This alone will ensure that the assessments made would maintain an even standard and are free from biases of lack of knowledge as well as judgment. Objective 3. To employ the best technologies available in the field and continue to constantly upgrade them. Objective 3. To ensure the financial viability of the business and break even within one year. References 1. Webserver Survey. 2006. June 2006 Webserver Survey. http://news. netcraft. com/archives/2006/06/04/june_2006_web_server_survey. html (24 June 2006). 2. World Internet Usage. 2006. Internet Usage Statistics: The Big Picture. http://www. internetworldstats. com/stats. htm. (24 June 2006).

Free Essays on Women And The Expansion Of Their Roles In Society

Before the 1940’s your average woman would be at home taking care of the household chores and preparing diner for the family. The women make sure that when her husband and family returned that dinner was on the table and the house was clean. The men would work all day and make the household income. In the late 1930’s early 1940’s the role of women changed dramatically. The world was going to war again and unfortuntly the world was all but ready. However had this war never had taken place women may still be in the kitchen today. The majority of men were called upon to fight for their country and knowing that you can’t be two places at once the question of who would run the factory’s, bussiness and all the things the men were doing before hand arose. This is where the women come in. Women took the place of men completley. They were working in factories, shipyards, lumbermills, steelmills, and foundries. Women were going crazy, they were testing the boundries and taking the best of their known abilities and taking them to the highest of their unknown. Women let their minds expand and it wasn’t long that the society realized that women too, had extradinary abilities. â€Å" Then, too, there was my belief that now and then women should do for themselves what men have already done†¦ and occasionally what men have not done†¦thereby establishing them selves as persons, and perhaps encouraging other women toward greater independence of thought and action† Women worked as welders, electricians, mechanics, boilermakers, engineers, doctors, physics, chemists, nurses, and many other occupations. Over 3 million women served at Red Cross. By the end of WW II, Americas wartime production reached it’s highest point ever! Production record s include 296,429 airplanes, 10,351 tanks and self-propelled guns, 372,431 artillery pieces, 47 tons of artillery ammunition, 87,620 warships, 44 billion rounds of small arms ammunition. On... Free Essays on Women And The Expansion Of Their Roles In Society Free Essays on Women And The Expansion Of Their Roles In Society Before the 1940’s your average woman would be at home taking care of the household chores and preparing diner for the family. The women make sure that when her husband and family returned that dinner was on the table and the house was clean. The men would work all day and make the household income. In the late 1930’s early 1940’s the role of women changed dramatically. The world was going to war again and unfortuntly the world was all but ready. However had this war never had taken place women may still be in the kitchen today. The majority of men were called upon to fight for their country and knowing that you can’t be two places at once the question of who would run the factory’s, bussiness and all the things the men were doing before hand arose. This is where the women come in. Women took the place of men completley. They were working in factories, shipyards, lumbermills, steelmills, and foundries. Women were going crazy, they were testing the boundries and taking the best of their known abilities and taking them to the highest of their unknown. Women let their minds expand and it wasn’t long that the society realized that women too, had extradinary abilities. â€Å" Then, too, there was my belief that now and then women should do for themselves what men have already done†¦ and occasionally what men have not done†¦thereby establishing them selves as persons, and perhaps encouraging other women toward greater independence of thought and action† Women worked as welders, electricians, mechanics, boilermakers, engineers, doctors, physics, chemists, nurses, and many other occupations. Over 3 million women served at Red Cross. By the end of WW II, Americas wartime production reached it’s highest point ever! Production record s include 296,429 airplanes, 10,351 tanks and self-propelled guns, 372,431 artillery pieces, 47 tons of artillery ammunition, 87,620 warships, 44 billion rounds of small arms ammunition. On...

PCs vs. Mainframes essays

PC's vs. Mainframes essays This paper will give a detailed comparison and contrast between Personal Computers (PCs) and mainframes. The first obvious difference between a PC and a mainframe is their size. A PC is about 18" square and maybe 8" wide. Most people could take one apart with little or no training and install a new component like a modem or sound card. You can buy a PC at most computer stores for less than $1500 and have a relatively powerful machine. In contrast, mainframes are very large and very expensive, and you would not be able to open one up and simply add new components. They are usually installed in temperature-controlled rooms with access being limited to authorized personnel. Maintenance is usually carried out by a third-party under strict contracts. A typical PC will have one processor running at about 2.6 GHz, a hard drive with 80 Gigabytes of disk space, and 256 to 512 MB of RAM. Mainframes on the other hand, can come with hundreds of hard drives in a sophisticated RAID array with 30+ Terabytes of storage capacity and typically mainframes will have multiple processors and gigabytes of memory. Most PCs will run a Windows operating system and function as clients in a network environment while mainframes exist only as servers and typically run some form of UNIX or Linux. There are a lot of variables when comparing the differences between PC's and mainframes, some of which include performance, reliability, and cost. In terms of raw CPU speed, there is probably not as big a difference as their once was. The differences lie mainly in reliability and I/O capabilities. Mainframes have a much larger I/O bandwidth than PC's have. Mainframe's have a lot of redundancy and serviceability features built in. The way they handle I/O is also much more efficient than the low-end PC boxes. Instead of one pathway into memory as in a PC, there are multiple memory banks providing multiple ports into memory. For example, Hitachi's Skylines have 16 po...

Budgeting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Budgeting - Assignment Example Budgeting can be described as the careful planning of an organization’s funds based on the various costs and expenditures that a business faces and the means in which these funds will be distributed amongst them (Lasher, 2010). A simpler and straight forward explanation would be that budgeting is simply the development of a budget. A budget can be defined as an economic plan for a certain period of time according to available funds (Obstfeld, 2008). A company cannot function without budgeting, and it is essential that the methods and techniques used during this process are appropriate to the business in particular in terms of the approach and objectives that feature in that particular organization (Bartle & Shields, 2008). Good budgeting results in financial success for that particular accounting period and will reduce the risk of a company mismanaging the funds that are available to them which in serious situations could lead to disastrous results if not kept in check such as bankruptcy among others (Lasher, 2010). Once a proper budgeting plan has been established, however, these risks have a higher chance of being avoided and put the company in a better position to maintain their position in terms of economic stability. Purposes of Budgeting There are a number of purposes of budgeting that can be identifies as the main reasons for the activity, some of these include: Financial Forecasting – Budgeting provides an overview of the expected financial position of a firm at the end of an accounting period if the various strategies implemented succeed in achieving the objectives set out for them at the beginning of the period (Diamond, 2008). Budgeting allows the organization to predict the economic situation they will find themselves in at the end of a certain period if everything goes according to plan in terms of revenue and expenditure. Establishment of constraints – Budgeting also ensures that a company does not mismanage the funds at their disposal in a manner that may lead to irrecoverable financial difficulties through the placement of constraints on the maximum amount of money they can spend on a particular activity or area (Lasher, 2010). The establishment of these constraints ensures that the company remains within the economic safety net that is created by the budget and avoids any financial risks that would have otherwise potentially occurred. Comparison – Budgeting allows the actual finances of the business to be compared with the predictions that have been set out in the forecast in a bid to determine whether they are actually achievable or should they be adjusted if necessary (Lasher, 2010). This method of comparison allows the company to take a look at the economic success that the business achieves and the potential success it will be able to attain in the future (Blaug, 2007). This ensures that the company can plan appropriately according to these comparisons in relation to the financial position of the company. These can be considered to be the main purposes behind budgeting and represent the importance of this activity to a successful business. Budgeting Process There are a number of stages that exist within a conventional budgeting process that can be implemented on a global scale by various companies (Lasher, 2010). These steps follow a protocol that allows the organization to properly develop a means of appropriately allocating the available funds to the various different parts of the business according to the particular needs of these sectors as well as the objectives that have been set out (Diamond, 2008). These stages are as follows; †¢ Firstly the main objectives of the business are identified in relation to activities that will require funding so as to accomplish

Instructional Design Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Instructional Design Model - Essay Example In this model a systems view of instruction is considered so that one segment is interconnected with a series of outside segments in a variety of ways; as indicated this is significantly different from the ADDIE instructional design approach which more restrictedly approaches design from a single segment to the next in a direct and progressive way. This essay considers the varying aspects of the Dick and Carey model, specifically considering stage 1 through stage 3 through an illustrative example within the context of a twelfth grade Honors English class. In terms of the Dick and Carey model, the interrelation of the varying concepts of context, content, learning and instruction, are considered (Leshin, Pollock, Reigeluth 1992). Dick and Carey themselves indicate that, â€Å"Components such as the instructor, learners, materials, instructional activities, delivery system, and learning and performance environments interact with each other and work together to bring about the desired student learning outcomes† (Carey and Dick, pg. 6). Within this paradigm, there exist nine separate stages that designers must attend to in adhering to the constraints proscribed by Dick and Carey. These stages include 1) Instructional Goals; 2) Instructional Analysis; 3) Entry Behaviors and Learner Characteristics; 4) Performance Objectives; 5) Criterion-Referenced Test Items; 6) Instructional Strategy; 7) Instructional Materials; 8) Formative Evaluation; 9) Summative Evaluation (Leshin, Pollock, Reigeluth 1992). The first stage of the Dick and Carey model identifies the instructional goals of the design project. In this stage the identification of the instructional goal considers the relation between the learner’s current knowledge base and the intended instructional goals (Lee). In these regards, the Dick and Carey model in great part mirrors the ADDIE instructional design model. In terms of the working example of the twelfth